5 Phase Stepper Motor Driver Projects

Dear friends I am trying to build a circuit which can control and drive a Berger Lahr 5 phase stepper motor (RDM 5913/50). The stepper motor can carry around 2 amps on each winding. ( or if a pre-made version exists ) for 5-phase (10wire) stepper motors?

Basically there are two types of stepper motors: bipolar and unipolar. The bipolar stepper motor is a two-phase brushless motor which has two coils (windings), this motor has 4 wires (2 wires for each coil). The other type is the unipolar stepper motor, it is 4-phase brushless motor which has 5 or 6 wires.

The popular controlling modes of of the stepper motor are: full step and half step. The full step can be divided into 2 types: one-phase and two-phase. In full step one-phase mode the driver energizes one coil at a time. This type of controlling requires the least amount of power but provides the least torque. In full step two-phase mode the driver energizes the two coils at the same time. This mode provides the highest torque but it requires twice as much power as one-phase mode.

Half step mode is a combination of the two full step modes (one-phase and two-phase). This mode increases accuracy by dividing each step by 2. It requires power in-between one-phase and two-phase modes, torque also is in-between. There is another controlling type called microstepping, this type is more accurate than the half step mode, it requires two sinusoidal current sources with 90° shift. In this example I’m going to use the full step two-phase mode for controlling the bipolar stepper motor.

The following image shows a simple schematic of the bipolar stepper motor: To be able to control the bipolar stepper motor, two H-bridge circuits are required. In this example I’m going to use quadruple half-H driver which can work as dual H-bridge driver.

This chip is small, low cost and easy to use, these make it a good choice for students and hobbyists, in this blog, I used it in some DC motor control projects. In the full step control mode always both windings are energized at the same time according to the following two tables where first table shows the driving sequence for one rotation direction and second table for the other direction: Related Projects: Hardware Required: • Arduino UNO board • Bipolar stepper motor • L293D motor driver chip —-> • 10k ohm potentiometer • Pushbutton • Power source with voltage equal to motor nominal voltage • Bread board • Jumper wires Arduino bipolar stepper motor control circuit: Example circuit diagram is shown below.

All grounded terminals are connected together. The L293D chip has 16 pins with 4 inputs (IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4) and 4 outputs (OUT1, OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4). The 4 outputs are connected to the bipolar stepper motor as shown in the circuit diagram. The 4 inputs are connected as follows: IN1 to Arduino pin 8 IN2 to Arduino pin 9 IN3 to Arduino pin 10 IN4 to Arduino pin 11 The L293D has 2 VCC pins: VCC1 (pin #16) and VCC2 (pin #8). VCC1 is connected to Arduino +5V pin. VCC2 is connected to another power source (positive terminal) with voltage equal to motor nominal voltage, it’s labeled in the circuit diagram as V_Motor (V_Motor = motor voltage).

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So if we have a stepper motor with nominal voltage of 5V we’ve to connect VCC2 to +5V (Arduino 5V output shouldn’t be used) and if the stepper motor nominal voltage is 12V we’ve to connect VCC2 to +12V (negative terminal of this source is connected to circuit ground) The 10k ohm potentiometer is used to control the speed of the stepper motor, its output pin is connected to Arduino analog pin 0. The push button which is connected to Arduino pin 4 is used to change the rotation direction of the stepper motor.